Illuminati notes, Part 5
The following notes are taken from John Daniel, Scarlet and the Beast, 1995. Hat tip for great research.
Masonic penetration of our churches began at the turn of the 20th century. Myron Fagan, in The Illuminati, tells how this effectual take-over was accomplished. According to Fagan, at the end of the 19th century, Grand Orient Freemasonry deliberately sent Jacob Schiff (son of a Reform Rabbi born in Frankfurt, Germany) to the United States to carry out four specific assignments. The first was to acquire control of America’s money system. This was accomplished by founding the Federal Reserve System. The second was to find desirable men who, for a price, would willingly serve as stooges for the great conspiracy. Once found they would be promoted to federal positions in the Congress, on the U.S. Supreme Court, and at all Federal agencies. The agency founded for grooming these men is the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). The third was to create minority group strife throughout the nation, particularly between whites and blacks. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded for that purpose. The fourth was to create a movement to destroy religion in the United States, with Christianity as the chief target. This became the task of the National Council of Churches (NCC).
Jacob Schiff’s background suited him ideally to his assignment in America. As Rabbi Antelman remarks, “It was Jacob Schiff and his family who played a prominent role in developing the Reform and Conservative apostate Jewish movements and who aided them at critical stages of their development in putting into action the demonic master plan [sic] to undermine all world religions. Fragmentation and divide and conquer tactics were the order of the day.
According to Myron Fagan, Schiff was helped in his first three assignments by several anti- Semitic and anti-Christian Grand Orient Freemasons. Fagan details how Masonic money and power backed Jacob Schiff and established for the German House of Warburg a banking system in America, with J.P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller as front men. Dr. Carroll Quigley, in Tragedy And Hope, concurs with Fagan, as well does Rabbi Antelman.
Weishaupt took up the cause of Voltaire, providing the vehicle by which the plan would be carried to future generations. When Weishaupt penetrated Freemasonry with illuminism, the Lodge took up the cause, citing Voltaire as a patron. Miller explains in Occult Theocrasy that, after the 1789-1793 destruction of old France and subsequent to the reign of Napoleon, Grand Orient Freemasonry’s aim was the same as Voltaire’s. From the minutes of the Italian Masonic Lodge, Permanent Instructions, or Practical Code of Rules: Guide for the Heads of the Highest Grades of Masonry, Miller quotes: “‘Our final aim is that of Voltaire and of the French Revolution—the complete annihilation of Catholicism, and ultimately of Christianity…. Under this cloak [of Freemasonry], we may conspire at our convenience, and arrive, little by little, at our ultimate aim.”
In our day the Masonic Lodge is tied directly to state intelligence services. Agents are placed according to certain requirements and abilities, one of which is the ability to keep a secret. Therefore, agents who are Masons are given preference for top positions. For example, in the U.S.A. the heads of both the FBI and the CIA have always been either 33rd degree Masons or high initiates in affiliated secret societies. In fact, J. Edgar Hoover (33rd degree) obtained a charter for the FBI’s own Masonic lodge, the Fidelity Lodge. Curt Gentry, in his book J. Edgar Hoover, informs us that “Membership and attendance at the Monday-night meetings were ‘voluntary,’ but those who aspired to higher positions soon realized that associating with the director on this one semi-social occasion was almost a prerequisite to advancement.”
Knight informs us, for example, how after the Bolshevik Revolution, Russian intelligence used Freemasonry to its own ends. The Soviet intelligence service learned of the art of Freemasonry while investigating Russian Grand Orient Lodges. When Stalin outlawed the Brotherhood in 1925, he ordered his intelligence service to establish religious centers for training appropriate agents to be sent to Western and Third World countries. A school for agents bound for Britain and other English-speaking countries was in Lithuania prior to the collapse of the U.S.S.R. These agents were trained in the exploitation of English Freemasonry. Knight quotes a British Intelligence officer as saying:
“If the KGB had a target in England—somebody they wanted to ‘turn’ or from whom they wanted to obtain information by one of a number of means—and this person was a Freemason, I have no doubt that it would instruct an agent to join the same lodge. That would be an obvious move. If being a Freemason makes a man more likely to bare his soul to another Freemason than to an outsider, any intelligence service worth its salt would exploit that.
“I can reveal that senior officers of British Intelligence are concerned that the KGB has been using Freemasonry in England for decades to help place its agents in positions of responsibility and influence…. According to the evidence now available, the undoubted “jobs for the brethren” aspect of British Freemasonry has been used extensively by the KGB to penetrate the most sensitive areas of authority, most spectacularly illustrated in the years since 1945 by its placing of spies at the highest levels of both M15 and M16. Even today, members of the security services privately admit that they have no idea of the extent of this penetration.”
The “old boy network,” the favoritism and the use of Masonry for professional and social advancement—all proscribed by the [Masonic] Constitutions but all nevertheless widespread, as this book has shown—are of obvious value to Englishmen recruited to spy for a foreign power.
According to Nesta Webster, Geneva, Switzerland, was the meeting-place for all the revolutionaries of Europe. Edith Miller reports that the Geneva meetings took place in the Grand Orient Masonic lodge, Temple Unique. Those in attendance put the name of the Temple on their cards and bills.
Following the Geneva gatherings, the Communist revolutionists met in London during the summer of 1862. There they attended the London International Exhibition. The Exhibition was a Marxist front used by French Communists to penetrate Great Britain’s labor force. This Exhibition marked the beginning of anti-capitalist labor unions. On August 5, 1862, all the delegates met at a dinner given for them by their English colleagues at Freemason’s Hall. An address was read which formed the platform for the First Communist International.
On September 28, 1864, the French Communists met again in London at another Masonic lodge called St. Martin’s Hall. At this meeting Grand Orient Freemason Karl Marx obtained control of the two-year old International Working Men’s Association. A number of secret societies, such as the Anarchists, Nihilists, and Young Europe, were immediately absorbed by this communist body. That same year anarchist Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876), a Russian Grand Orient Mason, founded his Alliance Sociale Democratique on the exact lines of Weishaupt’s Illuminism.
In late 1856 the Italian Grand Orient Masons, already known as the Mafia, were contracted by Lord Palmerston of England to assassinate Napoleon III. In early 1857 several Masons met in London to plan the murder. Four were from Russia, one of whom was Mikhail Bakunin. Chairman of the meeting was the Mafia leader himself, Giuseppe Mazzini. At his side were Francesco Crispi (1819-1901), the Sicilian Mason selected to do the job, and his comrade-in-arms, Freemason Adriano Lemmi (1822~1896).
In January 1858 Crispi and Lemmi met in Paris with Freemason Felice Orsini. Orsini, a lodge brother of Napoleon III, taught the two assassins how to manufacture a bomb, then kept them abreast of the Emperor’s movements. During the next few weeks several attempts were made on Napoleon’s life, each failing. Crispi and Lemmi escaped, but Orsini was captured, tried and condemned to death. Before his execution on March 13, 1858, Napoleon visited him in prison. Orsini warned the Emperor that if he did not assist the Italian Freemasons in their struggle for democracy, other bombs were reserved for him. Napoleon acquiesced, meeting at Piedmont in July with Count Camillo Benso di Cavour. Mazzini was not at this meeting.
Gentile Freemasonry refers to its initiates as Jews, refers to its lodges as Solomon’s Temple, and calls non-Masons Gentiles. Likewise, a republic founded by Freemasonry and governed by Masons is by inference a Jewish nation. Conversely, a kingdom not ruled by Freemasonry, such as Russia, would be considered a Gentile nation. Christian Russia, then, would certainly be called a “Gentile government” by “them that say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie.”
Thirty-third degree Masons, of course, meet separately from their Masonic brethren of the lower degrees. Significantly, Edith Miller informs us that the name of the meeting hall in Paris where the 33rd degree Supreme Council of Mizraim Masons gathered was the Sanctuary of Levites, corroborating Knight’s discovery that Gentile Masons refer to themselves as Jews. Mackey’s Encyclopedia of Freemasonry sheds more light on French Freemasonry’s fixation on becoming Jews, when documenting that in the French lodges, “Levite” is the “highest of the Masonic Degrees….”
In 1887 Martinist Freemason Papus joined the Theosophist Society, a Rosicrucian order headquartered in New York, with a branch in Paris. The Theosophist Society was founded in 1775 by female Freemason Helena Blavatsky, who moved her headquarters from New York to London in 1887. In 1891 Papus helped found the Gnostic Catholic Church. In 1895 he became a member of the Order of the Golden Dawn, an English Masonic Rosicrucian order founded in 1887 in London, with a branch in the Paris Lodge Ahathoor. In 1902 Papus became Grand Master of the newly formed homicidal Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) at Paris, a spin-off of the Golden Dawn.
When he became Grand Master in France of London’s O.T.O., Papus then carried the rituals of this homicidal Masonic lodge to Russia, initiating many Russians in St. Petersburg in preparation for the Russian Revolution. Papus died on October 25, 1916, one year before he could taste the rotten fruits of his labor in the bloody Bolshevik revolution. Substantial evidence suggests that high Masons in France, England and Russia were involved in the Russian Revolution. In fact communications were shuttled back and forth between Europe and Russia prior to the Bolshevik Revolution by high Masons. Among them were 33rd degree John Yarker, who represented the Martinist Order at London; 33rd degree Papus, who, according to Miller’s documents, was under the control of Yarker; Freemason Philippe, who was the mentor of Papus, and Rasputin, who in turn was the Martinist mole in the Royal Court at St. Petersburg following Philippe. All these High Masons were Gentiles not Jews.
In fact, the title of the Scottish Rite monthly magazine, New Age, has been suggesting this for over a century. “Masonry and the Impending New Era,” an article in New Age, July 1941 (five months before America entered the Second World War), spoke of the “world government” expected to be established at the conclusion of the war to help usher in a “newer phase of evolutionary progress.” In April 1943 the New Age reported that “the struggle for the freedom of man began with the American and French Revolutions, and World War II is the climax of a world ideological struggle which started at the end of the 18th Century. It is the struggle of the New Age against the Middle Age.”
The phrase “Middle Age,” as used in the text above, is Masonic jargon for Christianity. Webster’s Dictionary defines the Middle Ages as “the period of European history from about A.D. 500 to about 1500,” the same period of time the Catholic Church dominated European politics. We can readily decode the Masonic lingo above and accurately name the enemy against which Masons struggle: “It is the struggle of the New Age against the age of Christianity.”
Three significant events prior to the 1889 Masonic Congress prepared English Freemasonry to accept Lucifer as god. First, in 1877, the existence of God was debated between the atheistic French Grand Orient and the deistic French Grand Lodge. The Grand Orient had replaced the Great Architect of the Universe with the slogan “To the Glory of Humanity,” declaring “God is dead.”
The second event followed that same year, when the English Grand Lodge, which requires a belief in deity, broke fellowship with all Grand Orient bodies throughout the world.The third event, that of founding the Quatuor Coronati Lodge of Masonic Research in London, England, actually had its roots in the 1860s, but did not become a reality until three years before the 1889 International Masonic Congress. In 1860, Great Britain had just concluded her Second Opium War against China, when English Freemasonry, in search of her roots, decided to launch a massive investigation of Oriental mystery religions. As a result, Masons in various parts of the British Empire wrote numerous occult books, many of which were repetitive. To avoid further duplication, Freemason Sir Walter Besant, brother of socialist and theosophist Annie Besant, began a drive in the early 1870s to organize a Masonic research lodge to catalog the data. In 1886 the Quatuor Coronati Lodge of Masonic Research, No.2076, London, England, was founded. Mackey’s Encyclopedia of Freemasonry states that the Quatuor Coronati “has long since become the supreme court of learning and authority in Masonic scholarship throughout the W orld.”
The constitution of this Mother Research Lodge stipulated that forty of the most prestigious Masons in England be members, one of whom must always be high up in the Anglican Church. When any “Member of Forty” died, the thirty-nine remaining voted on his replacement. Sir Walter Besant was one of the original “Members of Forty.”
In 1887 a Correspondence Circle was attached to the lodge. Any Mason of literary, archaeological, or investigative talent could join the Circle. Within a decade the Circle had printed the Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, a Masonic encyclopedia coordinating all the secrets of mystery religions in no less than fifty volumes, surpassing in size the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
The Members of Forty, whose duty was to study these volumes continually, discovered three important facts that would determine the future course of English Freemasonry. First was that ancient pagan religions worshipped Lucifer in various forms. Second was that the Babylonian priesthood used drugs and sex as a means of people control. Third was that the same Babylonian priesthood instituted human sacrifice as a means of population control. The Quatuor Coronati Lodge thereafter offered assistance to any Mason, or group of Masons willing to apply these discoveries to present day Masonic work.
Two of the most prominent Grand Orient Masons who did convert to the Luciferian doctrine were women, Britisher Annie Besant (1847-1933) and Russian Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891). Both were members of English and French obediences. Both were destined to be the founders of our modern New Age Movement.
Madam Blavatsky had turned to Luciferianism in 1856, when she was initiated into the Grand Orient Carbonari by Mazzini. Blavatsky did more than publish her revolutionary ideals. She lived them. In 1866 she joined 33rd degree Grand Orient Freemason General Garibaldi to fight by his side during the Italian revolution at Viterbo and then at Mentana, where she was seriously wounded and left on the field as dead. In 1875 she founded the Theosophical Society in New York, joined English Freemasonry in 1877, and settled in London in 1887. In London she published her Theosophical magazine, Lucifer the Light-bringer.
Annie Besant, sister of Freemason Sir Walter Besant, was converted to Luciferianism by Albert Pike. At the behest of her brother, she was destined to become the president of the Theosophical Society after Blavatsky’s death. Annie was in Paris that fateful 1889 summer when Albert Pike introduced his Luciferian Doctrine to the twenty-three Supreme Councils of Grand Lodge Freemasonry. She was not, however, in Paris to attend that convention. Instead, as an accomplished speaker in her own right, she was scheduled to lecture at the Grand Orient convention, which was hosting three other occult congresses. Her lecture, which met with overwhelming success, was intended to turn the atheists toward Spiritism.
De Poncins tells the story: In July 1889 the International Workers’ Congress was held in Paris, Mrs. [Annie] Besant being one of the delegates. Concurrently, the Marrdstes [sic] held their International Congress and Mrs. Besant moved, amid great applause, for amalgamation with them. And yet another International Congress was then being held in Paris, to wit, that of the Spiritists. The delegates of these occultists were the guests of the Grand Orient, whose headquarters they occupied at 16, rue Cadet. The president of the Spiritists was Denis, and he has made it quite clear that the three congresses there came to a mutual understanding, for, in a speech which he afterwards delivered, he said:
“The occult Powers are at work among men. Spiritism is a powerful germ which will develop and bring about transformation of laws, ideas and of social forces. It will show its powerful influence on social economy and public life.”
As a result of these three conventions of Unionists, Marxists and Spiritists hosted by Grand Orient Freemasonry, an amalgamation of mystical spiritism with atheism was successfully accomplished. Although atheism remained Grand Orient’s published dogma, these Masonic congresses started a spiritist movement, the New Age Movement, which today has encircled the globe.
The most significant outcome of these adversarial Masonic congresses meeting on the same date and location is that shortly after they adjourned, revisionist historians began to observe a gradual transfer of conspiracy activities from Paris to London. Subsequent events suggest that there was a secret agreement between the Unionists, Marxists Spiritists and Luciferians. The Grand Orient had no choice but to cooperate. If its Communist experiment was to be successfully launched, it needed the support of wealthy British Masons.
We can document two events following this monumental Masonic pow-wow, which reactivated communication between the two Masonic enemies First, and almost immediately, the English Grand Lodge began communicating with all continental Grand Lodges and Grand Orient bodies of Freemasonry through the Swiss Grand Lodge Alpina, which recognized, not only the Grand Lodge of France, but the Grand Orients of France, Spain, Italy and Greece. Second, on August 30, 1913, the Universal Masonic League was founded at Berne, Switzerland, where both warring bodies of Freemasonry could meet on neutral ground. Mackey’s Encyclopedia of Freemasonry states that the object of this League was “to further the intimacy of relations between members of all regular Lodges, Grand Lodges, and Grand Orients of all Rites and countries of the world.” Hence, de Poncins writes, “between Anglo-Saxon [English] Freemasonry and Latin [Grand Orient] Freemasonry there are indirect but effective relations which are far closer than is admitted.”
The Universal Masonic League was only the beginning of international Masonic cooperation. The Grand Orient’s superficial alienation from annual Grand Lodge Supreme Council meetings compelled English Freemasonry to form sub-lodges, wherein both adversarial Freemasonries could meet on common ground without having to travel to Switzerland. The Quatuor Coronati Research Lodge was assigned the task of creating these lodges.
Msgr. Dillon, although writing in 1885, explained how easy this inter-Masonic communication was to accomplish: “by its [the Grand Orient’s] hidden friends scattered through British lodges, there have been at all times, at least in London, some lodges affiliated with Continental lodges. and doing the work of Weishaupt. [Thus, the intercourse between the delegates of English and French Lodges] had an immense effect in causing the vanguard cries of the Continental lodges to find a fatal support from British Masons in and out of Parliament.”‘
What took place was the creation of a more debased Freemasonry on both sides of the Channel, as well as the bringing into existence of a degenerate society. Grand Orient Masons, who had long since initiated women for use in their drug and sex orgies and witchcraft rituals, once again used women to carry their doctrine into English Masonry. Stoddard warned the British Masons of the penetration by Grand Orient Spiritists, who were using female Freemasons in these English co-Masonic lodges. She also confirmed that “English Freemasonry is not occult, though it has occult Lodges, and most English occultists [who are] not Theosophists are Freemasons, if men.”
According to Stoddard, the Luciferian New Age plan was to penetrate British society from three directions: (1) through members of the Theosophical Society, i.e., Madam Blavatsky’s (and later Annie Besant’s) followers, apparently headed by the co-Masons; (2) through members of the Hermetic Orders and Freemasons; and (3) by independents, whether in small groups or individuals.
The most degenerate British turncoat of all time was the Satanist Edward Aleister Crowley. Crowley, a heroin addict and sexual pervert, was in 1913 Patriarch Grand Administrator General of British Freemasonry’s Ancient and Primitive Rite of Memphis, the same Lodge mentioned in chapter 10 with connections to the Priory of Sion’s Mizraim Lodge at Paris. This evil Masonic lodge incorporated into its rituals the immoral fertility worship of the Dionysian Mysteries, which included both homosexual and heterosexual orgies. In Mexico Crowley was known as the Beast 666. There he was initiated into the 33rd degree in the Grand Orient Scottish Rite of Freemasonry.
The Order of the Golden Dawn produced two horrifying and destructive offshoots, the Order of the Temple of the East and the Thule Society. These two societies were the breeding grounds for the inner core of the Nazi movement. Their amoral systems had long before been concealed in the Supreme Council of Grand Orient Freemasonry. In 1902 at Berlin, under the guidance of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, Grand Orient Freemason Karl Kellner, also a Theosophist, cofounded (with Theodore Reuss) the Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.), which then absorbed the Order of the Temple of the East. Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) actually means Order of the Temple of Lucifer.
Blavatsky’s Theosophical Society became the recruiting organization for the O.T.O. Debased 33rd degree Freemasons and homicidal miscreants from all over Europe, Russia, and England soon joined the Oriental Templars. Theodore Reuss, a 33rd degree German Grand Orient Mason and freelance newspaper correspondent for the London Times, was sent to check out Crowley, possibly to encourage him in joining the Ordo Templi Orientis. Reuss said to Crowley, “Since you know our hidden sex teachings, you’d better come into our Order. Crowley agreed, and after a journey to Berlin, was initiated into the O.T.O that same year.
By the end of the decade Aleister Crowley was at the helm of the London chapter of the O.T.O., the only chapter known to exist today. It is the most destructive Masonic lodge in the world. Crowley encouraged his initiates to perform human sacrifices, using young boys as victims. He himself allegedly took part in 150 ritual murders.
Crowley called himself “The Master Therion.” Miller says that Crowley, in his book Magick (1930), articulates his rationale for practicing human sacrifice. Miller quotes Crowley in part: “The blood is the life.” This simple statement is explained by the Hindus by saying that the blood is the principal vehicle of vital Prana. There is some ground for the belief that there is a definite substance, not isolated as yet, whose presence makes all the difference between live and dead matter.
It would be unwise to condemn as irrational the practice of those savages who tear the heart and liver from an adversary and devour them while yet warm. In any case it was the theory of the ancient Magicians that any living being is a storehouse of energy varying in quantity according to its mental and moral character. At the death of the animal this energy is liberated suddenly. For the highest spiritual working one must accordingly choose that victim which contains the greatest and purest force. A male child of perfect innocence and high intelligence is the most satisfactory and suitable victim. But the bloody sacrifice, though more dangerous, is more efficacious; and for nearly all purposes human sacrifice is the best.
In this religion Mother Earth could become “angry.” When she did so it meant that man was multiplying too rapidly. To appease the mother goddess, mythological law demanded human sacrifices, usually of the very young. Paul deParrie, in Unholy Sacrifices of the New Age, says, “Whether known as Kali (the many-armed Hindu goddess Kali, who wears for a necklace a chain of human skulls), Diana, Isis, or Astarte, Mother Earth or her dark mirror image consistently required blood as an appropriate offering; she who created (or procreated) also destroyed and devoured her own young in bloody ritual.”
The purpose of the sacrifice was to “save the earth.” Nigel Davies, in Human Sacrifice in History and Today, confirms: “Both sacrificer and victim knew that the act was required, to save the people from calamity and the cosmos from collapse. Their object was, therefore, more to preserve than to destroy life.”
Mythological law required mothers to willingly give up their children to the flame or to the knife. With the Arioio in Tahiti, “status was based entirely on one’s devotion to killing one’s own children.” The North American and Mexican Indians “both stressed the belief that the victim would profit from his own sacrifice, thus allowing the executioner to feel no guilt and denying the victim the opportunity to protest his own sacrifice.” Thus, legalized murder became a part of Mother Earth’s mythological law of population control.
In 1895 the Quatuor Coronati Lodge of Masonic Research shared with Karl Kellner its discovery that pagans had controlled population through human sacrifice. When Kellner informed the German Grand Orient and Grand Lodge hierarchy of this, Friedrich Nietzsche commented, “The 20th Century will be the bloodiest on earth.”
In 1902 Kellner organized the homicidal Ordo Templi Orientis and began initiating Freemasons on both sides of the Channel. The original members of the O.T.O. were German Grand Orient Theodore Reuss and English Masons John Yarker (1833-1913), William Wynn Westcott (1848- 1925), and MacGregor Mathers. All but Mathers held the 33rd degree.
Theodore Reuss became head of the O.T.O. upon Kellner’s death in 1905. In 1902 Reuss had already named Westcott regent of the O.T.O. in England, thus establishing the interlocking directorate between English and Continental Freemasonry. In 1912 Reuss initiated Aleister Crowley into the O.T.O. By the time World War I had started, Crowley, a member of both English and French Freemasonry, was at the head of the British branch of the O.T.O.
The O.T.O. drew membership from a wide range of occult organizations: the Gnostic Catholic Church; the Order of the Knights of the Holy Ghost; the Order of the Illuminati; the Order of the Knights of St. John; the Order of the Knights of Malta; the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre; the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light; the Holy Order of Rose Croix of Heredom; the Order of the Holy Royal Arch of Enoch; the Order of the Knights Templar; the Hidden Church of the Holy Grail; the Ancient and Primitive Rite of Masonry; the Rite of Memphis; the Rite of Mizraim; the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Masonry; the Swedenborgian Rite of Masonry; the Order of the Martinists; the Order of Sat Bhai; and many other orders of equal merit, or of less fame.
After Crowley’s death, Freemason L. Ron Hubbard acquired the O.T.O. leadership in America. Robert Anton Wilson, co-author with Timothy Leary of Neuropolitics in 1977, explains that “Hubbard’s system is derived largely from Aleister Crowley…. Hubbard was a member of Crowley’s Ordo Templi Orientis in the 1940s; and Hubbard later… invented a system which seems, to those of us who know both, very similar to the system taught by Crowley in the O.T.O.”
Hubbard was initiated into the O.T.O. in 1944 by Aleister Crowley himself. After Crowley’s death, the O.T.O. was headquartered for a time in Hubbard’s Church of Scientology. In 1992 The Auditor, the journal of Scientology, reported that there are 146 Scientology centers worldwide, with 54 of them in the United States and Canada alone. Time Magazine, May 6, 1991, reports “700 centers in 65 countries.”
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